Discover the Distant, Frozen Oort Cloud

Where do comets come from? Theres a dark, cold region of the solar system where chunks of ice mixed with rock, called cometary nuclei, orbit the Sun. This region is called the Oà ¶rt Cloud, named after the man who suggested its existence, Jan Oà ¶rt. The Oà ¶rt Cloud From Earth While this cloud of cometary nuclei is not visible to the naked eye, planetary scientists have been studying it for years. The future comets it contains are made mostly of mixtures of frozen water, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide, along with rock and dust grains. The Oà ¶rt Cloud by the Numbers The cloud of cometary bodies is widely dispersed through the outermost part of the solar system. Its very distant from us, with an inner boundary 10,000 times the Sun-Earth distance. At its outer edge, the cloud stretches into interplanetary space some 3.2 light-years. For comparison, the closest star to us is 4.2 light-years away, so the Oà ¶rt Cloud reaches almost that far.   Planetary scientists estimate the Oort Cloud has up to two trillion  icy objects orbiting the Sun, many of which make their way into solar orbit and become comets. There are two types of comets that come from the distant reaches of space, and it turns out they dont all come from the Oà ¶rt Cloud.   Comets and Their Origins Out There How do  Oà ¶rt Cloud objects become comets that go hurtling in orbit around the Sun? There are several ideas about that. Its possible that stars passing nearby, or tidal interactions within the disk of the  Milky Way, or interactions with gas and dust clouds give these icy bodies a kind of push out of their orbits in the Oà ¶rt Cloud. With their motions changed, theyre more likely to fall in toward the Sun on new orbits that take thousands of years for one trip around the Sun. These are called long-period comets. Other comets, called short-period comets, travel around the Sun in much shorter times, usually less than 200 years. They come from the Kuiper Belt, which is a roughly disk-shaped region that spans out from the orbit of Neptune. The Kuiper Belt has been in the news for the past couple of decades as astronomers discover new worlds within its boundaries. Dwarf planet  Pluto is a denizen of the Kuiper Belt, joined by Charon (its largest satellite), and the dwarf planets Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Sedna. The Kuiper Belt extends from about 30 to 55 AU, and astronomers estimate it has hundreds of thousands of icy bodies larger than 62 miles across. It might also have about a trillion comets. (One AU, or astronomical unit, equals about 93 million miles.) Exploring the Parts of the Oà ¶rt Cloud The Oà ¶rt Cloud is divided into two parts. The first is the source of the long-period comets and may have trillions of cometary nuclei. The second is an inner cloud shaped roughly like a doughnut. It, too, is very rich in cometary nuclei and other dwarf-planet-sized objects. Astronomers also have found one small world that has a section of its orbit through the inner part of the Oà ¶rt Cloud. As they find more, they will be able to refine their ideas about where those objects originated back in the solar systems early history. The Oà ¶rt Cloud and Solar System History The Oà ¶rt Clouds cometary nuclei and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) are icy remnants from the formation of the solar system, which took place about 4.6 billion years ago. Since both icy and dusty materials were interspersed throughout the primordial cloud, its likely that the Oà ¶rt Clouds frozen planetesimals formed much closer to the Sun early in history. That occurred alongside the formation of the planets and asteroids. Eventually, solar radiation either destroyed the cometary bodies closest to the Sun or they were collected together to become part of planets and their moons. The rest of the materials were slingshotted away from the Sun, along with the young gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) to the outer solar system to regions where other icy materials were orbiting. Its also very likely that some Oà ¶rt Cloud objects came from materials in a jointly shared pool of icy objects from protoplanetary disks. These disks formed around other stars that lay very close together in the Suns birth nebula. Once the Sun and its siblings formed, they drifted apart and dragged along the materials from other protoplanetary disks. They also became part of the  Oà ¶rt Cloud.   The outer regions of the distant outer solar system have not yet been deeply explored by spacecraft. The New Horizons  mission explored  Pluto in mid-2015, and there are plans to  study one other object beyond Pluto in 2019. Aside from those flybys, there are no other missions being built to pass through and study the Kuiper Belt and  Oà ¶rt Cloud. Oà ¶rt Clouds Everywhere! As astronomers study planets orbiting other stars, they are finding evidence of cometary bodies in those systems, too. These exoplanets form largely as our own system did, meaning that Oà ¶rt clouds could be an integral part of any planetary systems evolution and inventory.  At the very least, they tell scientists more about the formation and evolution of our own solar system.

Influence Of Personality On The Domain Of Sport...

Within the field of sport psychology, much research has been done on the role and influence of personality in those who partake in sport and exercise and this research has long been examined and analysed. In this essay, we will focus specifically on the influence of personality within the domain of sport performance, as well as the impact of personality on an individual’s choice of sport, focusing primarily on whether personality influences people towards more individual or team based sports. To conclude this essay, the final section will focus on the personality traits of those who take part in sports classed as high-risk. Furthermore, this essay intends to reflect on the positives and negatives that occur when applying research to sport, so that insight that is gained can be learnt and applied to this ongoing field in order to achieve continuing progress. Journal articles will be cited that focus on research on the topics previously stated in support of the arguments presen ted. The term personality is a commonly used expression in daily life, but what does it actually represent? For the purpose of this essay, the five factor trait model of personality will be used, despite the preference of many within the sports psychology field to use an interactionist approach. This theory, which has its beginnings in the trait theories of Allport and Cattell, has been devised and developed throughout the years by researchers such as McCrae, Costa and Goldberg. It simply outlines thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Figerouas Framework1149 Words   |  5 Pages* Equity affects nearly all aspects of our lives none less than sports such as beach volleyball. Sport is an integral part of today’s society and as such, sport should be organised, participated in and distributed in an equitable manner.The aim of equity in sports is to encourage all people, regardless of age, gender, disability or ethnic origin to participate in and develop their potential within sport. 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Strategic Financial Analysis

Question: Write an essay about the ARM holding group. Answer: The ARM holding group is exposed to price risk on equity securities on its financial assets. The funds for such ventures are limited to the order , so that any potential decline of the value of the investment on its financial terms would not be substantial. Default risk is nothing but the uncertainties associated with the ability of the firm to meet its contractual obligations. Companies needs to manage their risks exposure and one of the methods of assessing the default risks is by using option pricing method. In this model, market information from option which motivated the transformation of profitability ratios, leverage ratios, and business risks are used to assess the default risks. The measures of financial performance have been used in a binary probit regression so as to examine the context of information and to estimate the default probabilities (Cont and Kokholm 2013). In the option pricing model, equity is considered as the as the call options on the companys assets. Shareholders or equity holders would have the right but not the obligation to purchase the assets of the firm by repaying debt to debt holders. The default probability of the firm and the market value of the equity is derived analytically by making assumptions regarding the risk free rate of interest and the value process of the firm. Let us consider a company with say, asset value A and a capital structure including equity S and a debt with zero coupon D maturing at time T. if now at time T, the market value of assets exceed the debt value that is , if A D, equity holders needs to exercise their options and make the repayment of debt. The debt holder would get D amount and the residual value would be obtained by the equity holders that is (A-D). on the other hand, if the market value of assets A, does not exceed the value of debts D, then it would be preferable for the equity holders to let the option expire by defaulting on the promised payment amount of D and exercising the right of limited liability,. So there would be two pay offs of either zero or ( A-D ) that is , the pay off would be. The dividend would be paid to the equity holders before the maturity of debt. The market value of equity would be derived using black schools model. The parameter that is the volatility of assets capturing the risks is not known . the volatility could be assessed using historical data. Now , we need to obtain the probability that the option of defaulting would not be exercised by the equity holder and it would expire. It is depicted as a function of the distance between the face value of debt which has been adjusted for expected growth in relation to the asset volatility and maturity period of debt and the market value of the assets of the firm. In this, the risky asset value does not take into account risk free rate . the expected return on the assets needs to be substituted for risk free rate of interest so as to convert the neutral risks to actual probability default. The difference between the actual probability default and the risk neutral gives the risk premium which is require d by the investors on the part of risks associated with default (Fan and Mancini 2012). The risk of loss when there is default and the timing of risk default, both are reflected in the risk premium. In the conventional approach, the financial performance characteristics such as efficiency, profitability, adequacy of cash flow, liquidity and leverage are pre identified. This theory uses a set of accounting based measures. For assessing the default risk, univariate discriminant analysis is performed on a number of financial ratios. The independent variable is weighed and score of multivariate probability is generated. The option pricing model has a limitation of predicting the default probabilities. Option pricing suffers from the disability of generating sufficient statistics . on the other hand, only statistical knowledge is required for the implementation of traditional model . the accounting information is extracted from the financial statement which appear either quarterly or annually and they suffer from deficiency of the reliability of accounting information as they are subject to accounting practice that are creative. The probability measures seems to be overstated and leads to be biased in managing the default risk. This issue was solved by the introduction of option pricing theory which uses a probit analysis in managing the default risks (Ji and Zhou 2015). So it can be concluded that default probabilities which are estimated from the option pricing method is considered to be having explanatory power in when it comes to assess the default risk as compared to the accounting based measures. Though it suffers form the disability of generating sufficient statistics so both the measures are combined to form a hybrid model of measuring the default risks. Coupling the accounting information with the market information would solve the issues. There seems to exist a significant and positive relationship between the financial performance and the corporate governance. A firm which is better governed are relatively more valuable, more profitable and is capable of paying more cash out to its shareholders. Some of the corporate governance factors which are associated with good performance are independence of nominating committee and government committee which meets annually, progressive practices , director educations and many more. The director and senior management of ARM holding follows the code of business conduct and ethics and they are required to act honestly and in a fair way. The business model of ARM is designed in such a way that the impact of its operating activity has a very low impact on communities and human rights. The governance framework of ARM holding is built around three pillars that is : Internal control framework Assurance of independence Organization processes and the corporate governance framework are in accordance with the financial compliance which is monitored through audit testing every year. This would help in maintaining good relationships with the shareholders and would form an optimism for the company that the investors would be willing to make investment in the company Good governance is expressed through a variety of factors accountability, reliability and predictability and it depends upon the member of the business of their ability to exercise their power and over time they are able to make good governance. In order to ensure the well being of the business several mechanisms are adopted by the senior management in order to safeguard the interest of the stakeholders. These mechanisms play an important role in improving the performance of the firm. A company with a better corporate governance is related with better marketing valuation and operating performance . there are many variables of standard and good corporate governance which effects the performance of the business such as size of board, CEO ownership , and board independence (Flammer 2015). Corporate governance include various programs and activities which enhances the financial performance of the company. Enabling a good social governance by being socially , economically responsible has attracted many investors , however the benefits derived from these does not provides the investors with superior returns. Good governance and financial performance has appeared to be a virtuous circle and it exhibits that the company having good governance exhibits good financial performance. Good managerial performance has also been said to be related with the good financial performance. It has been found that the companies having strong rights for shareholders tends to have lower capital for cost of equity. A company with good corporate governance would be able to reduce the agency problems between the management and stakeholders and this would result in increased or good financial performance. The business would be benefitted in the form of stocks performance which would be positive in the long run along with the certificate of quality management. A good managerial practice lead by the team of senior management experts would improve the bottom line of the company. In order to ensure a necessary balance of power between the stakeholders, effective corporate governance is needed. The financial reporting system would be able to disclose more reliable information if the corporate governance is effective .A good corporate governance would influence the motivations of managers towards the practice of financial reporting. The effectiveness of the boards and senior management would be promoted by previous by various attributes such as power, knowledge , information which in turn would influence corporate financial performance (Ameer and Othman 2012). The variables on which the financial performance is judged is liquidity, capital adequacy, asset quality and earnings. Corporate governance in general is influencing about 45 % of the financial performance of the companies. A good corporate governance involving the transparency in disclosures of the relevant items helps in strengthening the corporate governance principles which would help in building trusts with the stakeholders especially the investors or shareholders who park their fund by investing in the company. The integral parts of corporate governance include disclosure, trust and transparency which would have a great impact in improving the financial performance (Hassan and Ahmed 2012). A corporate governance survey carried out by price Waterhouse cooper, many investors are prepared to pay premium for companies which has practices of good corporate governance. Framework of corporate governance and financial performance : In the above chart, we can see that how the financial performance is related to the factors and which include macro economic variables and the financial transparency , trusts and disclosure which forms a part of good corporate governance. A good corporate governance also ensures that there is an effective channel of information for disclosing the information to the stakeholders. The expectation of stakeholders by using a strategic direction can be attained through corporate governance. Poor financial performance is alleged with the doubtful corporate governance (Daily et al. 2015). If a good corporate governance which ensures transparency to its various stakeholders such as regulators , public, and equity holders would survive with a high capital adequacy ratio and better return on net worth. So a good earning would come form a good corporate governance. Other contributor which ensures financial performance is the openness and reliability of the financial reporting system as a part of good corporate governance (Tang et al. 2012). References Edmonds, T., McNair, F. and Olds, P. (2013).Fundamental financial accounting concepts. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Fan, J. and Mancini, L., 2012. Option pricing with model-guided nonparametric methods.Journal of the American Statistical Association. Farshadfar, S. and Monem, R., 2013. Further evidence on the usefulness of direct method cash flow components for forecasting future cash flows.The international journal of accounting,48(1), pp.111-133. Financial accounting. (2012). London: BPP Learning Media. Flammer, C., 2015. Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance? A regression discontinuity approach.Management Science,61(11), pp.2549-2568. Hassan, S.U. and Ahmed, A., 2012. Corporate governance, earnings management and financial performance: a case of nigerian manufacturing firms.American International Journal of Contemporary Research,2(7), pp.214-226. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Artiach, T. and Howieson, B., 2013.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hoskin, R.E., Fizzell, M.R. and Cherry, D.C., 2014.Financial accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Ji, X. and Zhou, J., 2015. Option pricing for an uncertain stock model with jumps.Soft Computing,19(11), pp.3323-3329. Jones, S. and Aiken, M., 2015. Evolution of early practice descriptive theory in accounting.The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory, p.91. Kabir, R. and Thai Minh, H., 2015. Does corporate governance shape the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance?. Kemp, R. and Waybright, J. (2013).Financial accounting. Boston: Pearson. Kundakchyan, R.M. and Zulfakarova, L.F., 2014. Current issues of optimal capital structure based on forecasting financial performance of the company.Life Science Journal,11(6s), pp.368-371. Luo, X., Wang, H., Raithel, S. and Zheng, Q., 2015. Corporate social performance, analyst stock recommendations, and firm future returns.Strategic Management Journal,36(1), pp.123-136. Madura, J. (2012).International financial management. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning.

Galileo Galilei Essay Example For Students

Galileo Galilei Essay Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564 in Pisa, Italy. Galileo pioneeredexperimental scientific method, and was the first to use arefracting telescope to make important astronomical discoveries. In 1604 Galileolearned of the invention of the telescope in Holland. From the barestdescription he constructed a vastly superior model. With it he made a series ofprofound discoveries, including the moons of planet Jupiter and the phases ofthe planet Venus (similar to those of Earths moon). As a professor of astronomyat University of Pisa, Galileo was required to teach the accepted theory of histime that the sun and all the planets revolved around the Earth. Later atUniversity of Padua he was exposed to a new theory, proposed by NicolausCopernicus, that the Earth and all the other planets revolved around the sun. Galileos observations with his new telescope convinced him of the truth ofCopernicuss sun-centered or heliocentric theory. Galileos support for theheliocentric theory got him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church. In 1633the Inquisition convicted him of heresy and forced him to recant (publiclywithdraw) his support of Copernicus. They sentenced him to life imprisonment,but because of his advanced age allowed him serve his term under house arrest athis villa outside of Florence, Italy. Galileos originality as a scientist layin his method of inquiry. First he reduced problems to a simple set of terms onthe basis of everyday experience and common-sense logic. Then he analyzed andresolved them according to simple mathematical descriptions. The success withwhich he applied this technique to the analysis of motion opened the way formodern mathematical and experimental physics. Isaac Newton used one of Galileosmathematical descriptions, The Law of Inertia, as the foundation forhis Fir st Law of Motion. Galileo died in 1642, the year of Newtonsbirth.

Gansta Rap And Violence Go Hand In Hand Essays -

Gansta Rap And Violence Go Hand In Hand Stacey Hawkins English 2 sec. 34 11-21-96 Gangsta Rap and Violence Go Hand in Hand Mr. Officer, I want to see you layin' in a coffin, sir, from The Chronic and F--- the police, from N.W.A., are few lyrics from the music genre gangsta rap. This kind of music is being sold to young children without any thought of concern. When many children listen to this kind of music they think that was being said in the songs is not wrong or against the law. The lyrics in many songs contain violent and explicit lyrics that usually talk about killing someone along with sounds of gunshots in the background. It is also music that refers to women as bitches, whores and sex-dispensing hos(Saunders B29). Gangsta rap has been criticized and debated over for its graphic sexual content, violent imagery and misogyny. When rappers were asked why they refer to women as bitches and hos their replies were similar. Snoop says, that it is just for the women who are like that and if you're a real women, you're classy and elegant. Those lyrics wouldn't necessarily affect you. You'd just groove to t he music (Farley 78). Richard Shaw, Bushwick Bill, says: I call women bitches and hos because all the women I've met since I've been out here are bitches and hos. When asked, at the [National Association of Black Journalists] convention, what he calls his mother he says, I call her a 'woman', but I'm not f---ing my mother. If I was f---ing you, you'd be a bitch. He then apologized for what he said to the reporter. (Raspberry A21) If you don't give a f--- about a bitch/ Then you're rolling with the row, are lyrics from Doggystyle. If all people were to think like this what respect would women have. Some say, if we don't have respect for our women, why should anyone else? (Raspberry A21). Do these rappers think that they own women and can treat them any way they want to. If this is the way some people think, that the own women and can dis respect them then what footsteps are the children going to follow in. Young children and adults, 14, 15 and 16 years of age, who listen and memorize these rap songs think that it is acceptable behavior. Gangsta rap is hardly the only source of violence, but it is a potent one. Not only is the music violent but the rappers lifestyle is also. Many rappers have rap sheets and young people see that and say, hey, their rich and money talks. Today most young people think that if a person is rich and famous they can get away with anything. Not all rappers have run-ins with the law, but the ones that do are very well known. Tupac Shakur, who recently was murdered this year, has had many run-ins with the law. Shakur was arrested for aggravated assault, charged with shooting two off duty police officers in Atlanta in 1993, but the charges were later dropped. He was accused of beating a limousine driver in Los Angeles and found guilty of threatening a fellow rapper with a baseball bat in Michigan. He was also found guilty of sexual abuse in 1994 and was serving time up to 4 ? years in prison (Sims E3). In some raps he glamorized the life of a gangster and fun gunplay. He lived the life tattooed on his stomach, Thug Life, and died doing it. ?Gangsta Rap has attracted a high-profile of enemies and no one may ever know who really killed Tupak. The police are still not sure of who shot and killed Tupak, but they think that it may have been linked to Death Row Record's ties with rival gangs. There are no witnesses who can ident ify the driver or shooter in the Cadillac that pulled up next to Tupak and driver, Marion Knight. Calvin Broadus, better known as Snoop Doggy Dogg, was arrested in 1993 on murder-conspiracy charges. He pleaded not guilty and was acquitted. He also has a police file that Hawkins 3 identifies him as a member of Long Beach Insane Crips, a notorious street gang (Cheevers A1).

Blue Ocean Strategy Paper Essays (725 words) - Marketing

Blue Ocean Strategy Paper Essays (725 words) - Marketing Blue Ocean Strategy Paper MKT/421 November 30, 2015 The blue ocean strategy is a unique marketing approach aimed to building a strong customer base. The strategy aims to develop a new market segment within the industry and does not focus on overcrowded existing markets with a lot of competition. In the recent years, with the advancement of technology and global development the blue ocean strategy has evolved. This paper will cover the blue ocean strategy and red ocean strategy and give examples of both. Sometimes a new product must sell for less than a competitor even though the new product is far superior in quality than the industry leader. Blue ocean strategy eliminates the need to compete with existing competitors by creating a brand new marketplace that has no competition. By introducing a product that is new and does not have a market, a company is able to use this strategy to build a strong product that will increase profits and revenues. Through advertising of the new product or service, a company can create their own market without having to worry about other competitors. When you are the first to create a market for a product, it is easier for you to create loyal fans and customers. An example of a blue ocean move would be when Nintendo decided to create its own market when the gaming system developed the Wii in 2006. The controllers that were incorporated into the controllers required the user to be more active because of the sensors. This prompted gamers to become more active and parents were more likely to buy this product for their kids because it let them play indoors safely and keep them physical. Mario Kart was another reason many fell in love with the Nintendo Wii. Now people could play this beloved game by the motion of the controller to make it more engaging and interactive. Red ocean strategy is the complete opposite of blue ocean strategy. The alternative creates a product in an already established marketplace. There are a few benefits to going this route. Companies can use the current products in existence to develop something better based on the feedback from consumers. This eliminates the process of trial and error in a blue ocean movement. There is already an established demand so the business no longer needs to spend so much in educating the customer about this new product. The only downfall to this strategy is it can be very difficult to find a niche within mature markets. There are already main competitors who have taken most of it. An example of a red ocean move would be how Ford and Chevy are competing with the Mustang and Camaro respectively. Every year each brand releases a variant of each car that so called one ups the other brand. Some years there are more than one variant upgrades. Both brands try to do a redesign within 2 years of the other to keep buyers clamoring for more. Neither brand needed to re-educate its customer on the cars, because of the brand loyalty. Both cars were there at the start of the pony car wars, and the history of them. Marketing strategies are plentiful for companies to choose from. Both the blue ocean and red ocean strategy has its own pros and cons. Blue ocean strategy can be more lucrative and companies will not have to worry about competition when they create their own marketplace. However, a red ocean strategy can still be beneficial because there is already a proven demand and need for this market. The only issue is there is more risk and cost in competing with current competitors. Cited References Barger, V.A., & Labrecque, L. I. (2013). An integrated marketing communications perspective on social media metrics. International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, 5(1), 64-67. Kim, W., & Mauborgne, R. (2004). Blue ocean strategy. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 76-84. Casey, Kevin P (2006): Nintendo hopes Wii spells winner. In: USA Today, August 15th, 2006,usatoday.com/tech/gaming/2006-08-14-nintendo-qa_x.htm , accessed on June 16th, 2011. LeBlanc, J. (2014, October 13). Ford and Chevrolet's battle for muscle car supremacy has been a long and bruising affair. Retrieved November 28, 2015, from http://driving.ca: http://driving.ca/chevrolet/camaro/auto-news/entertainment/mustang-vs-camaro-nothing-civil-about-this-american-pony-car-war

Environmental & Social Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental & Social Change - Essay Example Skeptics of global warming are especially prominent in the US that explains the reason why the country did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, since the signing, the US has increased emissions by 20% with Europe reducing emissions by 2%. An answer to this is to be found through a combination of scientific understanding of global warming and interesting ideas in sociology. Global warming is a result of the inability by Americans to deal with the individualistic consumer culture, as well as the lag time present between emission and the production of global warming, which takes approximately 50 years. The US society is in the throes of individualism and consumerism that makes it difficult to accept or grasp that going for bigger cars and houses, â€Å"better food†, and frequent flights are an irresponsibility that has huge ramifications. Culture, inevitably, is always lagging behind reality that is always changing in the economic, social, and environmental environments (Art 33). This leads to increased difficulty that weakens the capability of the political system in dealing with the issues. The US culture is behind the scientific understanding and knowledge of the country’s environment. The individual’s culture involves an uncomfortable mix of doxa, habitus, and field (Art 34). The three components are interactive in a manner that perpetuates cultural behavior and assumptions even when there are changing realities, which often result in people acting in a way that is not in their best interest. Field can be defined as the intellectual or social arena where individuals spend their active hours; for example, their job, their social group, their profession, or their intellectual profession (Art 44). For the youth, the field is usually their schools. The field, in sum, is constitutive of the realities that govern one’s daily existence where the focus is on the efforts

Do you know who Paul Robeson is Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Do you know who Paul Robeson is - Assignment Example Robeson’s mother, Maria Louisa Bustill came from a well known family of mixed ancestry consisting of Anglo-American, American and Lenape. She died from a house fire when Robeson was just 6 years of age. Robeson’s other siblings were: William Drew Robeson II, Rev. Benjamin C. Robeson, Reeve Robeson and Marian Robeson (Boyle and Bunie 13). Education and Early Life Robeson’s father held a strong belief that African Americans were as good as their whit counterparts. He instilled in his children this notion and made sure that they attended the same schools as white children. Robeson attended Somerville High School in New Jersey where he graduated with honors in 1915. While at the school, he participated in various activities such as acting, singing and athletics (Dorinson and Pencak 23). His academic excellence and activities in school earned him a full academic scholarship at Rutgers University. Being accepted on scholarship at Rutgers was a great feat for the young Robeson since there were only two other African Americans who had achieved the same. He was the only African American student in the university or the whole duration that he was at Rutgers. While in his third year, he became one of the only three classmates to be accepted into the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. In 1919, he was one of the four students who were selected in the Cap and Skull honor society (28). Robeson continued to be involved in school activities while in Rutgers where he participated in debate and oratorical contests. He was the recipient of the statewide debate contest prize for four straight years (Foner 33). Robeson was also an avid singer and he was part of the campus Glee Club. However, because of the racist environment at the time, he was not allowed to travel with the group for social events and performances. Another hindrance he faced as a result of the racist climate during his studies was being denied the chance to enjoy the festivities of the universityâ€⠄¢s Philoclean Society, even though he was a duly elected member of the literary society (Boyle and Bunie 100). Just like when he was in high school, Robeson was also an all-rounder in campus. He was an excellent sportsman at Rutgers where he took part in American football, basketball, baseball and athletics. His participation in these sports earned him some 15 varsity letters. In football, he played the end position and he was so good at it that he earned himself a name in the first team All-America in 1917 and 1918. He became the first student and player from Rutgers to reach that feat (Duberman and Bauml 20). Despite his prowess in the game of football, Robeson faced numerous racial episodes, for instance when some Southern teams declined to play with a team that had an African American in the lineup. However, this did not deter him and he is considered by many to be one of the greatest football players of his time (22). Robeson was the valedictorian in his 1919 graduation class. Historians have always praised his academic and athletic excellence that few others can measure up to (Larsen 35). After graduating from Rutgers, Robeson enrolled in the Columbia Law School. To pay for his education at Columbia, Robeson worked as an athlete and a performer. He played for the Akron Pros and the Milwaukee Badgers, teams that were part of the American Professional Football Association, which later cam to be known as the National Football League. He also played

You are required to compar and contrast qualitative and quantitative Essay

You are required to compar and contrast qualitative and quantitative research methods - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion and analysis will be beneficial with respect to providing a basis through which the reader can more effectively comprehend the differential between these two and seek to apply the approach that suits their needs and research goals to the highest degree. Finally, the two different research methods themselves will be illustrated by a short analysis and review of respective articles that illustrate how they can be leveraged within the field of nursing practice and inquiry. Firstly, before delving into the nuances and differentials the these two forms of research and methodologies, a discussion and analysis of the definitions of both qualitative and quantitative research will be performed. As such, qualitative research is ultimately a site exploratory research. As such, is often used to help understand or to find underlying reasons, motivations, or opinions with regard to specific topic. Moreover, it helps to generate insights into the specific issue and help to develop ideas or answers/hypotheses or further quantitative research as such, qualitative research oftentimes forms an introductory level of scope and analysis which further researchers can then focus on specific details or attributes of a given issue as a means of seeking to draw inference. Further, by providing trends and delving deeper into issues, qualitative research performs functions quite unlike quantitative research in that it can construct models of understanding concerning human feel ings, emotions, reactions, and thoughts. Whereas it is true that quantitative research can perform many of these same functions, the underlying nuances and differentials that it is oftentimes able to capture are greatly reduced as compared to qualitative research. Whereas an exhaustive listing of qualitative research methods is not

Critique Of Jehovah Witnesses Theology Religion Essay

Critique Of Jehovah Witnesses Theology Religion Essay The aim of this report is to give a brief overview of the Jehovahs Witnesses and their mission to disprove the full deity of Jesus Christ. The Jehovah Witnesses under the guidance of the Watchtower Society believes that they are the sole earthly representative of God. They also believe that the Watchtower is the only organization that can correctly interpret the bible. The Jehovah Witnesses doctrinal views run contrary to the views of modern Christianity and therefore in the eyes of many, it is considered a cult. This report will show how with love and humility one could share the gospel of Jesus Christ with all members of this organization. THE BEGINNING OF THE JEHOVAH WITNESSES The Watchtower Society was founded by Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916). He was raised in a Presbyterian family in Pennsylvania and as a young teen he was encouraged to pursue a career in Christian ministry. No one really knows how long he was involved in the Presbyterian faith; however there were some doctrinal differences that he did not agree with. Russell had a problem with the doctrinal views of predestination and eternal punishment. After leaving the Presbyterian faith Russell became a Congregationalist. While a member of a Congregational church Russell is heavily influenced by an Advent Christian Church preacher, Jonas Wendell. Wendell who was a respectable Advent preacher becomes Russells mentor. Wendells family was a part of the Great Disappointment of 1844. This particular group known as the Adventists was looking forward to the return of Christ which 3 was predicted by William Miller a popular Baptist preacher. Of course this did not happen. Russell was intrigued with this group so he further immersed himself into the group and they again awaited the return of Christ in 1874 again this prediction did not happened. In 1879 Russell left the Adventists. Sometime later he began publishing his own magazine called Zions Watch Tower and Herald of Christs Presence. Russell used his magazine as a means to spread his doctrinal view which included many of the Adventists beliefs, such as rejecting the Trinity, eternal punishment, and the immortality of the soul. As if that was not bad enough Russell also proclaimed that Christs invisible presence (not Christs physical return) began in 1874 and that the human government would end and paradise would be restored by 1914. It was not until 1931 under the direction of a new leader (Joseph Franklin Rutherford) did the Watchtower Society adapt the name The Jehovahs Witnesses. Joseph Franklin Rutherfor d can be credited with the development of the present day hierarchical, or theocratic, organizational structure. CRITIQUE OF JEHOVAH WITNESSES The Jehovah Witnesses believe that the Watchtower Society is the one and only true organization any other organization is of the devil. The believers must obey the Watchtower as 4 the voice of God. If you believe anything other than what the Society espouses, you are disfellowshipped, and all your former Witness friends cluck and wag their heads because you have been influenced by Satan. There are many things wrong with the belief system of the Jehovah Witnesses, for one they deny the Trinity. Since the Trinity is not mentioned in the bible there is no basis for the Trinity. Believing that the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit are one is a pagan doctrine. They believe that Jesus was the first and greatest of creation and they believe Jesus is the incarnation of Michael the Archangel. The Jehovah Witnesses believe that God (Jehovah) and Jesus are two separate gods, with Jesus being an inferior god serving under God who is the only true God. The Jehovah Witnesses believe that the Holy Spirit is nothing more than Gods invisible force. The Jehovah Witnesses deny the existence of hell and teach that only 144,000 people will go to heaven and they believe that only the Jehovah Witnesses will survive the Battle of Armageddon and the second coming of Christ. WITNESSING TO THE JEHOVAH WITNESSES Known for their fast talking and at times confrontational manor witnessing to a Jehovah Witness can be intimidating and at times down right frightening. However, Christians are encouraged to use every opportunity to open their eyes to the truth and to share the gospel of Jesus Christ with them. When witnessing to a Jehovah Witness never forget that you are the 5 child of God; you must maintain authority in the situation and not allow the Jehovah Witness to take control. It is very critical that a positive attitude is always maintained. Keeping your cool could make or break the conversation. After all Christians are called to share the good news of the gospel with them so they might be saved from destruction (Jude 3; 1 Peter 3:15-16; Matthew 28:19-20). CONCLUSION Seek the truth Listen to the truth- Teach the truth Love the truth Abide by the truth- And defend the truth -Unto death. The desire of any Christian should be that everyone accepts Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior. There is nothing wrong with having different views however; when that view goes against the word of God the job of the Christian is to show that person the error of their ways. This is done with love and humility and with much prayer.

Plate Tectonics Essay -- essays research papers

The theory of plate tectonics, only recently introduced to the world, transforms the thought that the earth has been the same since its beginning. The theory alters the view of the average person almost in the way that Columbus showed the world was round. The theory of plate tectonics was developed from the theories of continental drift and sea-floor spreading and states that the earth’s surface is divided into several large plates, which are constantly in motion. In 1912, Alfred Wegener, a German scientist, was the first to notice this and develop the theory of plate tectonics. He noticed that the earth’s continents fit together almost like a jigsaw puzzle. This, combined with the fact that similar fossils and rock types are found on different continents separated by large bodies of water, helped him formulate his conjecture. He contended that the plates at one point formed one large continent called Pangea, which allowed like fossils and rock types to become closer together, which broke apart. Despite how well the continents fit together and the facts about the geology, the general public would not accept Wagener’s proposal. This is largely due to religious conflicts and the lack of evidence presented to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The earth’s surface and the mantle make up the composition of the tectonic plates. This layer, called the lithosphere, rests on top of the asthenosphere, a layer of molten rock. The asthenosphere is constantly moving and flowing due to the extreme pressures...

Child Is His Own Creator

Then, what will be the role of adults ? It is such a miracle how a baby is created in a mothers womb. The knowledge which they have gained in their past births. Who thought them to cry to express their feeling of hunger or uneasiness. Child is his own creator for sure! Then what Is the adult's role ? There Is a lot of potential hidden Inside every child which sprouts out and grows well when given the right environment,right help or guidance.The first expectation of a child from an adult/ mother is LOVE. Love is a magical power which can turn a most toughest job into a cake walk. Love,patience and modesty and most Importantly even though the child may be smaller than us we need to give him RESPECT as an Individual human belong,who has his own self esteem ,likes and disk- likes. An adult should first understand that child's character Is the mirror reflection of his parent's character or of the people with whom they are growing.Whatever the child Is gifted with in his inner potential, i f he/ she does not get the right place/ environment o thrive and grow and if he gets exposed to the danger of all his capacities and potentials going of waste and even turning into negative way depending on the environment and the people with whom he Is growing with. If the adult is having any bad habits,they should change themselves first. We will have to understand the value of giving and taking respect and love.Show love and respect to the child ,he Intern will show the same to one and all and make us feel happy. Affably It's all about the attitude which Is more Important than what he Is going to learn academically. Children are precious gift from God and we need to make sure they grow In a safe and happy environment and what ever we give them during their developmental years will have nurture them and develop them into as lovable and respectable adults in the society.They learn a lot by looking at the adults so it's our responsibility to make sure we project the right behavior a nd right attitude towards them. Allow the child to develop in his own pace as decided by mother nature and once he has the right attitude,right support and a right environment to grow and learn the hill will develop into a lovable and respectable human being and with love,patience and perseverance he will win over anything and everything In this world. Child is his own creator?Then, what will be the role of adults ? Then what is the adult's role ? There is a lot of potential hidden inside every child magical power which can turn a most toughest Job into a cake walk. Love,patience and modesty and most importantly even though the child may be smaller than us we need to give him RESPECT as an individual human being,who has his own self An adult should first understand that child's character is the mirror reflection of his parent's character or of the people with whom they are growing.Whatever the child is environment and the people with whom he is growing with. Respect to the child ,he intern will show the same to one and all and make us feel happy. Finally it's all about the attitude which is more important than what he is going Children are precious gift from God and we need to make sure they grow in a safe and perseverance he will win over anything and everything in this world.

Human Rights and Amnesty International essays

Human Rights and Amnesty International essays In 1961, London lawyer Peter Benenson read about a group of students in Portugal who were arrested and jailed for raising a toast to freedom in a public restaurant. This incident prompted him to launch a one-year campaign called "Appeal for Amnesty 1961" in the London Observer. The "Appeal for Amnesty" called for the release of all people imprisoned because of peaceful expression of their beliefs, politics, race, religion, color, or national origin. Benenson called these people, "prisoners of conscience." He planned to encourage people to write letters to government officials in countries, which had prisoners of conscience, calling for their release. The campaign grew enormously, spread to other countries, and by the end of 1961 the organization, Amnesty International, had been formed. Amnesty International's vision is of a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. In pursuit of this vision, Amnesty International's mission is to undertake research and action focussed on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience and expression, and freedom from discrimination, within the context of its work to promote all human rights. I believe that this mission statement is compatible with Catholic social teaching. Amnesty International addresses governments, intergovernmental organizations, armed political groups, companies, and other non-state actors. Amnesty International seeks to disclose human rights abuses accurately, quickly and persistently. It systematically and impartially researches the facts of individual cases and patterns of human rights abuses. These findings are publicised, and members, supporters and of amnesty international staff mobilize public pressure on governments and others to stop the abuses. In addition to its work on specific vio...

An interview is the opportunity to organize your future and develop your carrier, so take your preparation for it very serious and do not miss the following things.

An interview is the opportunity to organize your future and develop your carrier, so take your preparation for it very serious and do not miss the following things. Score twice before you cut once on interview Searching for a job or just preparing for the after-graduating period? That’s wonderful you turned to set your attention at this writing. If you are only starting your new carrier, there should be some tips and secrets that you are to be aware of to avoid failure. No matter even if you’re not sure this is the very job role, train your behavior during the interlocution, which will definitely bring you the required success. Of course, we do not suggest or motivate you to lie. We just want to pay your attention to that fact that alternative representation of the information makes a difference. Thus, you should show your interest and emphasize all the possible positive aspects. So you are in your final year and occupied with writing your thesis or any other pre-graduating activities. And as it often occurs, you have not worked anywhere yet. The way you answer to the item concerning professional experience can be: â€Å"I have none† and that is one step to failure. More effective variant will be: â€Å"I have none, since I devoted all my time to study. But now I possess sufficient theoretical background and am eager to implement what I know, develop my skills and grow in respect of professional attitude.† Tell us about yourself This question is often to happen during any interview. It seems to be very easy with no pitfalls, but this question should not be underestimated. Do not retell the details of your resume, or other things that your interviewer already has at his or her disposal. It makes no use for you. Giving the respond to these words, convince the person you are talking to that you deserve to take this job position. Mention your personal qualities or appropriate experience that will definitely be required for this job. While preparing to interview, think over a couple of your achievements that show all your best features and can attract the attention of the employer. How did you find out about us? Seems to be a question with no traps? It's not all that simple. The resources investigating which you got to know about position can show your kind of personality and what intentions you have. Thus, in case you send resumes without the purpose concerning the job you strive to obtain, that won’t be appreciated in the interview. In case you discovered on one of the job search sites, look through the important info in regard to the company and mention that you follow the activities of the firm and concern yourself with this stream of business. If you learned about the job role here by your friend, who works at the company, it is even better to mention, since it is like some kind of recommendation for you. Why exactly you should be hired for this position? Within the interview you can be asked questions of the following sort, â€Å"Why do we need to hire you?† or â€Å"What distinguishes you among other candidates?†. Do not lose your courage by hearing this. Such questions grant you one yet another chance to show your interest and passionate desire to work exactly at this company. You can also one more time mention about your best skills, which will be very suitable for this position. Do not speak words of praise concerning you and your skills, just give reasonable but positive assessment of your knowledge, experience and abilities. Show your motivation and willingness to work and gain best results. What are your salary expectations? This is the distinctive part of the interview, for which you should also prepare, since the financial aspect is of great importance and you cannot make a slip. Before interview make a little investigation to find out the average salary rate within this sphere. Search on the sites like Payscale or Glassdoor, there you can get the required information. Orientate on these numbers and announce a bit higher salary. In such a way you will show that you appreciate your skills and deserve an appropriate reward. At the same time you can demonstrate your desire and pliancy to discuss details in order to get the position. Do not treat these advices unserious when getting ready for an interview. Think what you say and receive the best job. Good luck!

Divrsity and social justice course. topic is, what is the evidance of Essay

Divrsity and social justice course. topic is, what is the evidance of idiology (point of view).what do they want you to believe - Essay Example Additionally, it also acts as a group of ideas of many people or society regarding something. In diversity and social justice, both evidence and ideology are essential. This is because evidence shows proof of an action and ideology shows the beliefs behind the action. Each society holds some beliefs and folklore; hence, when seeking justice in the society there has to be an analysis for the myths of each society (Macleod & Hickman 1329). The diversity of the societies makes the processes hard; hence, need to have the incorporation of evidence into ideology. Evidence has to be present for social justice to succeed because it acts as a proof of an action by somebody. For example, when presenting cases for justice, there has to be fairness in the ruling so that, there is consideration of both the evidence and ideology (Macleod & Hickman 1330). I believe in evidence more than in ideology. This is because ideas vary across persons in one society to the next. Evidence does not differ because it is the clear proof of something or actions by somebody. There is always an idea behind an action, whether agreeable or not to justify it; but evidence proves clearly that an action is wrong or right. It is easy to ensure justice in a society by looking at the evidence before ideology (Macleod & Hickman

Business functions and processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business functions and processes - Essay Example For instance, installing a technology in a firm whose overall internal structures and infrastructure are not compatible with application of the same is wastage of time, money and human resource. Equally important is that fact that technology can be sometimes the only measure, providing means to meet customer needs in the present competitive environment (Shaughnessy, 2013). Operations are strategized in a manner whereby organisation can compete in a competitive marketplace. For instance, these strategies can be in terms of quality, low cost, customisation and delivery. Traditional challenges in operations management such as, choice of only one strategy, are no longer tolerated as performance standard has been raised though technology and its applications. Nevertheless, for proper integration and implementation of technology in any organisation, it is essential to understand relevance of technology (Heizer and Render, 2011). The business environment is filled with examples of failed attempts while installing technology such as, ERP systems. For instance, Hershey Foods faced numerous problems in its product distribution system after implementation of R/3 system of SAP. This resulted in a huge demand-supply gap and Hershey was not able to supply candies during peak seasons of Christmas and Halloween. Similarly, Whirlpool faced shipping delays due to failed implementation of its ERP system. An interesting point to be noted here is that many of the challenges faced in context of ERP in present business scenario are similar to those faced by managers during implementation of MRP 20 years ago (Shaughnessy, 2013; Brown, et al., 2005). Hence, it can be said that challenges faced during technology implementation is more related to intangible forces such as, lack of leadership, commitment, training and understanding compared to tangible forces such as, technological defects in the systems. Few of the major challe nges

Interview Questions Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interview Questions Assignment - Essay Example My academic background is the main reason as I have gained significant knowledge for practice in the profession. Hiring me at this stage of my study will also mould me into the organization’s culture, as I develop my career while in the organization. An experienced person, having experienced many organizational cultures, may find it difficult to change into the company’s environment, a challenge that I do not face. I also offer the company leadership potentials that will help in empowering and motivating employees. Being a dynamic person and a fast learner, I can play many roles in the organization and shall therefore save it the burden of employing many people for specialized roles. My greatest weakness is my orientation to results. I always focus on achieving expected results in my environments, whether the results are my responsibility or that of a peer. This means overworking and sometimes stepping into other people’s mandates. The weakness has two major adverse consequences by I often manage them. One of the consequences is overworking to burnout but I normally take a rest when I experience fatigue. Another adverse consequence is conflict with peer when I move in to help in their roles. Though I often explain my intentions before engagement, there is sometimes lack of time for explanations and some people have accused me of taking advantage of their responsibility to seek recognition. This has however never been the case. An example of a time of successful communication with a difficult person involved a conflict with a classmate. He was known for his arrogance and lack of rationale that often involved him in violence, especially when he was under drugs. We were on an informal discussion about a news article that divided public opinion and he rose against my opinion. He quickly got emotional and people feared a fight. I had to either walk away to avoid a violent encounter or to confront him and let him know that his behavior was not right. I

A Brief History of Energy Use in Human Societies Essay Example for Free

A Brief History of Energy Use in Human Societies Essay The industrial revolution started the intensive use of oil, coal and natural gas. The development of factories, cars, and technological advances marks the start of air pollution. Smog from factories and the release of carbon dioxide from cars began to become detrimental to the environment as well as to health. Ever since the world continues to burn fossil fuels and will continue to do so. Factories, motor vehicles, buses, etc., are used throughout the world to provide people with transportation, products or food and have been a leading cause of air pollution. Similarly, these things have led to a series of environmental issues as well as health concerns, including many respiratory diseases (The Industrial Age). Although air pollution is a concern throughout the world, developing nations take different approaches to concerns as well as developed nations. Most of the worlds children live in developing nations, which means that they are exposed to higher levels of poverty and have different levels of health quality as oppose to developed, wealthier nations (Loomis et al. 1999). In a country like Mexico for instance, childhood mortality is high. Mexico City is one of the most populated cities in the world, with a population of eighteen million people and three million motor vehicles (Borja-Aburto et al. 1998). Nevertheless, air pollution has the same effects on the respiratory system among the population in New York City. Similarly, it is also densely populated and traffic congestion leads to the emission of air pollutants that are harmful to respiratory health. Air pollution affects the respiratory system, causing different respiratory diseases in both Mexico City and New York City, but there are a number of different methods used in each city to prevent further air pollution. Many countries in Latin America are going through rapid industrialization, as well as an increase in transportation and have not yet resolved health concerns related to air pollution. Due to the poor sanitation that young kids experience in poor countries, they are becoming infected with many diseases, thus becoming more susceptible to respiratory diseases (Loomis et al. 1999). When poor children experience life-threatening diseases, they are more likely to die because they cannot receive medical attention. In addition, studies reveal that air pollution is the main cause of the increasing infant mortality in Mexico City (Loomis et al. 1999). The main pollutants that are of a concern in Mexico City are nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter and tropospheric ozone (BellML et al. 2006). It is estimated that the transportation sector is responsible for about forty percent of the particulate matter emissions in Mexico City. Transportation however, is a vital sector in Mexico City traffic congestion in Mexico City forces people to take transportation methods to reach work, school, etc. Similarly, a large part of the population lives in poverty, which means they cannot afford a car. In addition, it has been reported that ozone causes the airway inflammation among young children playing outdoors. Nitrogen oxides increase the chance of respiratory infections as well as wheezing (Bernstein JA et al. 2004). Particulate matter is associated with infant mortality and also includes an increasing number of absences of students in schools as well as emergency room visits for respiratory problems including asthma (Bell ML et al. 2006). In addition, a reduction of 10 percent of particulate matter and ozone levels would save 273 to 1189 lives every year as well as save 760 US dollars a year there would be less emergency room visits, less medicine to purchases, less days of work or school missed or hospital admissions. New York City, similar to Mexico, has an air pollution problem caused by motor vehicles. However, morbidity and asthma is higher in different communities around New York City South Bronx and Harlem. These communities for instance, have higher diesel exhaust le vels from bus depots, truck routes, and waste transfer stations (Patel et al. 2013). As a result, this diesel exhaust creates black carbon. The black carbon is linked to the increasing number of respiratory diseases as well as the hospital admissions among children and adolescence in Harlem and South Bronx (Patel et al. 2013). Similarly, Patel et al. also explain that short-term increases of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide are associated with airway inflammation among adults and children. The number of people being affected by air pollution will continue to grow, if no regulations to stop air pollution are enforced. Mexico city suffers from a serious air pollution problem, which has led to many respiratory diseases. However, there are policies that exist which help control air pollution. An air pollution problem that they face is ozone released from transportation methods. One measure Mexico City has taken to reduce vehicle pollution includes a motor vehicle Maintenance and Inspection (IM) program. This program keeps track of vehicle emissions to make sure th at the advanced emission control systems are working properly in modern-day cars (Riveros HG et al. 2002). In addition, catalytic converter devices added to the exhaust of a motor vehicle consisting of a catalyst that transforms pollutant gases into less dangerous ones were introduced in 1995 to Mexico City. In 1995, vehicles were emitting 70 percent less hydrocarbon, 75 percent less carbon monoxide and 65 percent less nitrogen oxide (Riveros HG et al. 2002). Similarly, methyl tertiary-butyl ether was added to gasoline beginning in 1995, to refine combustion efficiency and applied boundaries on the aromatic aspect of fuels as well as on the sulfur content in fuel used in industries (Mckinley G et al. 2005). However, despite the tries to limit air pollution, the levels of air pollution emissions remain high.The State of New York has many programs, which take care of the environment. For example, there is the Department of Environmental Conservation. This department carries out monitoring programs as well as pollution control. It also contains a Maintenance Program and requires a Vehicle Inspection, which monitors motor vehicle emissions and requires unsuccessful pollution control equipment to be fixed. Furthermore, New York City also has Inspection and Maintenance (IM) programs. These programs requires cars to take an annual emission inspection and requires a repair when emission system is not working properly. All of these methods are used in New York to prevent more air pollution to enter the atmosphere. As a result, although air pollution remains high in New York City, these methods to protect the environment from harmful pollutants (Controlling Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles).Air pollution is a major problem in both densely populated cities New York City and Mexico City. This problem has led to an increase in asthma, as well as other respiratory diseases. It has also led to an increasing number of hospital admissions, and emergency room visits. There are a large number of fatal deaths as a result of air pollution, which is why each city must have regulations to help eliminate the pollution. People are becoming sick, and a lot of money is being spent as a result of the pollution. Not only the people are suffering from this environmental problem, but the environment as well. Carbon emissions, as well as ozone are detrimental to Earth, as well as to health. Young children and seniors are the most vulnerable to these diseases, but something can be done to protect the citizens of these cities, and that is more air pollution control policies. Mexico City and New York City have regulations, but they are not enough to end the air pollution. Cars are a necessity in every major city around the world, which creates more air pollution for the world. However, more regulations need to be placed before the environment becomes greatly impacted by the man-produced emissions

How important is the setting in the short stories you have read? :: English Literature

How important is the setting in the short stories you have read? In this assignment I will analyse 5 short stories, which are all pre 1914. These are – ‘The man with the twisted lip’, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, ‘The Red Room’, by H.G Wells, ‘The Signalman’, by Charles Dickens, ‘A Terribly Strange Bed,’ by Wilkie Collins and ‘The Ostler’, also by Wilkie Collins. The stories all have an exterior location. For example, in the Red Room, the corridors on the way to The Red Room. The language H.G Wells uses, such as ‘haunted’, ‘darkness’ and ‘shadowy’ create a feeling of tension and suspense. This is even before you have reached the main setting. Compared to The Signalman, the way the settings are portrayed, there is very little difference. Some of the words used by Charles Dickens, such as ‘dark’, ‘gloomy red light’ and ‘cold’. Some similarities are that they both talk about darkness and lack of light. The interior settings play a significant part in most of the stories. The man with the twisted lip, there is an opium den. This sets the scene to a dark and gloomy setting, just as the authors did with the exterior setting. The authors are always using dark and gloomy symbolism. The opium den is described as ‘gloomy’, ‘dark’ and ‘black shadows’. This gets you on the edge, and you want to read on. In comparison to The Red Room which uses shock and surprise. Where it says ‘the young duke had died’, it goes on to say, ‘headlong down the steps’. This immediately shocks you because it is such a horrific death. This therefore is a very important part of the setting. In addition, when the candles start to go out, the character panics. The writer uses phrases such as ‘suddenly went out’, ‘black shadow sprang back to its place’ and ‘darkness was there.’ This excites the reader, and you want to read on. Also the writer uses short, sharp sentences to emphasise the panic and terror, which the character is feeling. Also the sub characters help to portray the eeriness of the story. In The Red Room, there is a man with a ‘withered arm’, and another with ‘decaying yellow teeth’. To the reader this is a very unpleasant and sickening thought. The people who spread the myth of The Red Room help to give out a horrific feeling to the story. In The man with the twisted lip, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle describes the people in the opium den as ‘bodies’, not as people. This shows that he does not see the

The Prisoner. A Fragment by Emily Bronte Essay -- Literary Analysis

At the start of the nineteenth century, religion and science coexisted as one. The idea behind the creation of man and nature was seen as the work of God, thus the issue of religion and science were one in the same. As the Victorian era progressed, there was an emergence of scientific thinkers that began to question the creation and miracles of God, which in turn led to turmoil within the Victorian society. What Victorian society had was a constant clashing of ideals between the emerging science group and the religious believers. People did not care to listen to each other’s beliefs, which led to an overall lack of mutual respect among the groups. It is through Emily Bronte’s The Prisoner. A Fragment that the tensions based on religion can be seen through the male and female characters who represent the clashing groups in Victorian society. Religious believers in the Victorian society had amazing fervor for the word of God and believed that everything that occurred in life came from the hands of God. A good majority of the works written during the Victorian era expressed a belief that through the endurance of pain and suffering on Earth, the individual will be forever rewarded in Heaven. The Prisoner. A Fragment, by Emily Bronte is a clear demonstration of this belief as a heroic female prisoner demonstrates hope that her creator will save her after she endures her unjust punishment. The speaker in this work is a man visiting the prison, which is located in his father’s castle. He narrates the story looking back on his visit to the prison. He makes the audience aware that he never really cared nor did he pay attention to the lives that were slowly coming to an end in the crypts. He makes a comment to the jailor and is given a re... ...hinking along with the fall of the Church of England. Emily Bronte, through her male and female characters in A Prisoner. A Fragment ,is demonstrating the struggle and the feuding that took place between the religious and anti-religious groups that began to emerge during this time. Not only does she represent these two groups, she also makes strong comment on women. It is clear that Bronte is breaking the stereotype of the woman by using a strong female character to demonstrate their power, as well as their ability to lead and be heroes in a social, religious, and political movement that was the center of so much controversy during this era. Works Cited Christ, Carol T., Catherine Robson, Stephen Greenblatt, and M. H. Abrams. The Prisoner. A Fragment. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol. E. New York, NY: W.W. Norton &, 2006. 1315-316. Print.

Speech to Persuade Cosmetic Surgery

Liposuction Intro:Introduce myself Transition: What Is Liposuction? Liposuction which Is also known as lipoplasty Is a surgical procedure used to slim and reshape specific areas of the body by removing excess fat deposits under the skin with the use of a vacuum-suction cannula. One thing consider is that a cannula is not always used sometimes an ultrasonic probe is used to break down fat then It is suctioned. Where on your body can you get Liposuction? Liposuction may be performed on the abdomen, hips. thighs, calves. arms. ttocks. back. neck. or face. A liposuction procedure may include more than one area. for example, the abdomen, arms, and thighs all on the same day or various areas that you choose, Liposuction is also used to reduce breast size in men with large breasts (gynecomastia). Who performs a lipo? Liposuction surgeries are performed by plastic surgeons. Any licensed physician may perform liposuction but it is recommended that they have special training Where can you have a procedure done? The procedure may be performed in a doctor's office, surgical center or hospital.Transition: But keep In Mind that It Is Important that It be performed In a clean environment. Emergencies may arise during any surgery and access to emergency medical equipment and/or a nearby hospital emergency room Is Important What to expect during Liposuction and after? During the procedure the physician will mark your body with a pen to Indicate where the fat is to be removed. Then you will receive anesthesia which is medicine that prevents you from feeling pain. Once the anesthesia is working, the physician will ake an incision in the area where the liposuction will be performed.A cannula which is a hollow tube will be inserted into the incision. The physician moves this cannula back and forth to suction out the fat. After the procedure you will stay at where the procedure was performed until the effect of the anesthesia has gone away. The cuts where the doctor inserted the can nula may be leaky or drain fluids for several days. You will wear special tight garments to keep your skin compressed after the liposuction procedure What is the risk of Liposuction? Infections may happen after any surgery including a liposuction.It is important to keep the wounds clean after the procedure to avoid Infections. swelling may occur after liposuction. In some cases swelling may continue for weeks or months after liposuction. Anesthesia can also be a risk if It Is not administered correctly. Poor wound healing. You may have Keloids which is an abnormal growth of scars. What Is the Cost? I ne cost 0T llposuctlon varies Dy states ana doctors It ranges anywnere Trom $7,000 per area. Transition: In spite of the cost I favor Liposuction because if it is oing to help someone feel better about the way they look and improve them I am all for it.https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/liposuctionhttps://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/liposuction/procedureht tps://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/men-and-plastic-surgery/procedureshttps://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/liposuction/costhttps://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/liposuction/candidates

The external pricing decision Essays

The external pricing decision Essays The external pricing decision Paper The external pricing decision Paper The uses of Hubbart formula can have certain advantages and disadvantages. The Hubbart formula can establish the price over a period of time or a wide range of establishments. However, it requisite rate of return on owners capital employed, and works back to the total revenue that needs to be generated from accommodation. In addition to the required data, it also calls for the full cost, that is all the variable costs plus some share of fixed cost, and hence it is in fact a cost based pricing through the external pricing decision. Definitely, the company would like to attain what they are yearning for, nonetheless, this kind of approaches may appear to be too subjective and arbitrary, and it is acting as a method of allocating the fixed costs as well. Apparently, tourism is a seasonal industry and always influences by the global changes; therefore the occupancy of the hotel may vary according to different seasons and different incidents. Such as, a few months ago, there was a terrorism in Bali, after the Bali Blast, the travelers are not willing to travel to Bali since Bali seems to be a considerable dangerous place for them to travel. As a result, the occupancy of the hotels in Bali decreases significantly. Furthermore, we have to concern about the location of the hotel too, if it situates in Britain Brighton (the southern part of England where it is along the coastal area where it is a seaside resort), then the summer time will be the peak period of tourism, as a result, the seasonal prices should incline as well. As long as the hotel does not concern about this factor, then they will suffer from a great loss since there will be less visitors during the winter, and hence the occupancy within that period will be relatively lower. It appears that the occupancy that we use in the Hubbart formula is the average rate, yet it will amend noticeably in different months, so it is necessary to anticipate the monthly occupancy. It is certain that the demand for the tourism industry (e. g. hotels bedrooms) is always elastic, so it is unlikely that the tourism operating sectors (e.g. accommodation sector hotel) to set the prices according to the cost of the goods and services produced. As a result, it is essentially important for the company to realize the significance of charging the price that the market will bear, instead of charging the price according to their wishes. Thus, the full cost techniques can then applied to see if this obtainable price covers the full cost of the product or services, and how much profit can be made at this price. Last but not least, it is often said that pricing decisions are extremely complex. In addition to the incorporation of the basic cost and financial data, the Star Hotel should also add in other internal and external considerations, including macro-economic, environmental, political and social factors and also it should take the other factors non-financial and non-quantifiable nature (such as behavioral factors) into their concerns and considerations. To put it briefly, if the above disadvantages can be avoided, it may escape from the inefficiencies that automatically built into the costing system and the uncompetiveness and ongoing to the track of success. Pricing is closely related to the decision that managers in both profit-making and non profit-making sectors. Providing that the total revenues are not in excess of total expenses the firm must subsequently go into liquidation. Overwhelmingly, there are defined rules of pricing. In my point of view, the Star Hotel can either use the Hubbart Formula or Market-based Pricing, which is one way of the external pricing methods as well. It implicates that the price will be charged for goods and services offered to the travelers outside an organization on market prices. It is because the goods and services produced by the Star Hotel are in reality sold in a highly competitive market since there are other suppliers offering identical or near-identical products. Consequently, the suppliers will be competing fiercely in respect of price, quality, reliability, and services. Undoubtedly, the Star hotel is one of the participants in the tourism industry, and we can identify it as a tourism-operating sector. Moreover, the demand for the tourism products is actually elastic, meaning that the lower price is offered, the more units will be sold. By using this method, Star Hotel should firstly categorize its target market and evaluate its position in the market. Afterwards, the price can be set. Overwhelmingly, different markets will have its own price since dissimilar demands occur and also hotels have different abilities, such as some are better in services and some are famous for its quality products. Then an interpretation of the sales according to the source of reservations and category of client is necessary for a further review since it will disclose the standard achievable room rate. As a result, it is indispensable for the Star hotel to base its price per room on what is being charged in the market. Or else, if it charges more than the market price, their sales will be reduced. On condition that it charges less than the market, its sales will increase in short term but the market will quickly adjust to a lower level of selling prices. Furthermore, the market conditions largely determine a suppliers selling prices; it is particularly significant to ensure that tight control is exercised over costs. Otherwise, the gap between total sales and total costs (i. e. the profit) will be insufficient to guarantee an adequate return on capital employed. In case, external price determination is concerned, including both market oriented and cost oriented methods, we can generalize by arguing that prices tend to be governed by the market. And so it is important to ensure that unyielding management is exercised over costs, as there will normally be little opportunity to raise the selling price.

Alfred Hitchcock Essay Example

Alfred Hitchcock Essay Example Alfred Hitchcock Essay Alfred Hitchcock Essay Alfred Hitchcock (13 August 1899 29 April 1980) is perhaps one of the most renowned and innovative film directors in the history of cinema, with an incredible film-making career spanning over half a century and dozens of award- winning films. He specialized in the psychological thriller genre, creating famous hit films such as Psycho (1960), North by North-west (1958) and Vertigo (1959) and revolutionized many cinematic techniques such as camera angles, lighting and sound which he used extensively in his films to successfully create a variety of moods and atmospheres in scenes and to manipulate the audiences feelings and emotions from fear, shock and suspense.Psycho was based on the novel written by Robert Bloch, and is probably one of the most recognisable and famous films made by Hitchcock. Released in 1960, it initially received mixed reviews from film critics, but soon it became a massive hit at the box office and thousands of people around queued up at movie theatres to watch t he film. Later, many critics considered it Hitchcocks best film and praised Psycho as a masterpiece of cinematic art. Despite all these good reviews, the film caused a lot of controversy because it contained quite explicit gore and sex references, things that have rarely shown so strongly on American films as in Psycho .For example, there is a scene where a shadowy figure brutally stabs a woman while she is showering, and an embalmed corpse is shown during the end. Although these scenes are nothing compared to the brutal and overwhelmingly gruesome horror films of today, Hitchcock still struggled to get his whole film released due to censors efforts to delete several explicit shots in the movie. Psycho was known as the mother of all horror films and Hitchcock basically formed the whole archetypical basis for most horror and thriller films that were released after it.Shot in stark black and white, the film Psycho portrays young secretary Marion Crane as she successfully steals $ 40,0 00 from her employer and leaving her town of Phoenix in Arizona, intending to get married. However, as Marion escapes, she drives through a heavy rainstorm at night and accidentally drives off the highway, driving along an unlit road and turning up at the eerie, seemingly deserted Bates Motel, in the middle of nowhere. However the motel owner Norman Bate hurries out and helps her inside with her bags while the rain pours around them.After Marion has settled into her cabin, Norman Bates innocently invites her to have dinner with him in the massive, eerie house that overlooks the motel, however after he has a loud and furious argument with his invalid mother up in the second floor of the house, he brings the dinner down to the motel and suggests to Marion they have it in the parlour. The parlour scene is the scene prior to the famous, celebrated shower scene, and Hitchcock is very successful in this scene in using his technical mastery of camera angles, lighting and clever imagery to foretell the future events of the film. The scene begins when Norman walks into the darkened parlour and switches the light on, illuminating the room .The parlour, where the scene takes place, is a very interesting room which reveals a lot about Normans personality. It is decorated with stuffed birds of prey, like owls and large ravens, hanging from the walls and ceilings .The camera pans to each one, finally showing Marions uncomfortable expression with eating in a room full of stuffed birds. The two characters sit on the opposite ends of the room, both facing each other; however the camera never shows both of them in the same shot for most of the duration of the scene. In the scene Hitchcock makes clever use of camera angles and the position of the actors in the camera shots to subtly show to the audience the emotions of the two characters and who has power in the conversation .He also uses lighting to show the personalities of the two next to where Marion is seated there is a br ight light so there is almost no shadows on her , however, Norman is sitting in the dark side of the room, and most of the time half of his face is shrouded in shadow, something that cleverly shows his dual or split personality that is revealed and explained later in the movie.Marion starts eating her dinner, while Norman never touches his. Instead he watches her intently, sitting upright as she nibbles her sandwich, looking frightened as well as very interested. He remarks to her You eat like a bird which she replies to Youd know, of course as she looks around the room at the large stuffed birds, staring at her form the ceiling. They have a noticeably uncomfortable conversation about his strange hobby (taxidermy) which fills the time, not pass it and the audience notices his lack of friends. For most of the start of the conversation, the camera switches smoothly between Marion and Norman as they talk, and the camera angles are ordinary, shot at neither a low or high angle shot. Ho wever, as they start to talk about Normans mother and his furious argument with her, Norman is strangely shot in a very low angle- shot, that is cleverly framed to include the huge stuffed owl that hangs from the ceiling above his head, causing the audience to think of Norman as some kind of predator.His face is also half-shrouded with shadow. This change subtly shows that Norman has gained the power in the conversation. Despite this, his voice is still quiet. Suddenly, as Marion delicately suggests that Normans mother should be put someplace else in other words, an institution, the mood and the atmosphere of the room goes cold and foreboding, and the camera switches to Norman using a close-up shot of his face as he slowly leans in towards Marion, showing his angry face. Deep violins and cellos play slowly and ominously in the background, showing the seriousness of the conversation but not too loud as not to obscure Normans words. The camera quickly switches to Marion a few times, f raming her perfectly with a high-angle shot to show her powerlessness. The music rises with Normans simmering anger, and he furiously scorns Marions suggestions, but then leans backs against his chair and the music quietens with his anger, suddenly he is back to his friendly, affable personality. Now that the audience know the Norman is trapped in a situation where he has to care for his ill mother or let her die, they sympathize with him more.Afterwards, Marion decides to leave and thanks Norman for the dinner. While doing so, she stands up and talks a bit more, and the camera frames her with a low-angle shot- while showing Norman, who is still seated, in a very high-angle shot; this shows that Marion has regained power and to make the audience to think of Norman as less of a threat to Marion than before. However, before she leaves the room, Norman quickly asks Marion her name, and she accidentally replies with her real name (Marion Crane), not the name she signed in the motel ledg er (Marie Samuelson). The audience wouldve realized by now that there could be a connection between Marions bird-related surname with the birds of prey that Norman Bates stuffs, which he calls his hobby, and if this is perhaps a glimpse of the fate of Marion Crane, however they cannot be too sure at this moment, as why would Hitchcock kill the main protagonist so early in the film?After Marion leaves the room, Norman stands up and starts chewing some gum. His mood and personality has changed dramatically; he is suddenly more relaxed and casual, contrasting with his nervous and edgy temperament that he had when Marion was in the parlour. Walking towards the counter and picking up the ledger, the audience notice how confident he has become, and wonder what the reason is. He opens the ledger and the camera shows a close-up of what hes reading- the fake name that Marion wrote on her arrival to the motel- and then switches back to his face, while he shows a slight smirk at the false name and location. Then, he slowly walks back into the dark shadowy parlour, his face and body covered in darkness, and stops before a wall, momentarily surrounded by large, sinister birds of prey. The audience can see that he is trying to listen to whats happening next door, and then removes a painting on the wall that separates the parlour from Cabin Room 1 where Marion is staying to reveal a small jagged peephole cut into the wall, a beam of bright light coming from it.Peering into the small hole, it is revealed to Norman that Marion is undressing to take her shower. Hitchcock uses a point-of-view shot with the camera to show to the audience exactly what he is seeing, and they feel uncomfortable to be put in a position where they can spy on Marion. Next, the camera switches to an extreme close-up of Normans face, filling the screen with just his unblinking eye, which is illuminated slightly due to the hole. The music that is played during the scene (sinister, high-pitched, violins an d cellos) is very effective as it adds to the mounting creepiness of Norman Bates. Norman puts the painting back , and gazes at nothing, as though he is thinking intently about Marion, a stony, evil expression on his shadowy face .The audience are very fearful at this point, as they think that Norman could now try to assault Marion or alert the police over her fake name, and as he walks resolutely out of the parlour while the music gets slightly faster and louder, but the audience relax, as Norman instead walks up the hill to the large, sinister house where his mother is, and walks inside, shutting the door after him. The camera uses a long shot when he does this, to suggest that Norman is no longer a threat as he is so far away, lulling the audience into a false sense of security. The audience are now itching to find out what happens, whether Marion would escape with her boyfriend or give up the money, and as they know that they watching a Alfred Hitchcock movie, they know that the re are probably many shocking twists that make his movies so exciting, but perhaps not as shocking as what happens next in the filmThe camera switches to the interior of Cabin Room 1 and shows Marion, who is now clothed in a bathroom robe, scribbling on a piece of paper before ripping it out and tearing it to pieces. She walks to the bathroom and flushes the pieces of paper down the toilet (shockingly, another ground-breaking moment- a toilet flushing had never been seen or heard on American films, which was to jolt audiences, but not nearly as much as her brutal murder) and takes off her robe, steps in the bathtub, closes the shower curtain and turns the shower on.This is the beginning of the famed shower scene, where Marion, what the audience think is the movies main heroine and protagonist gets violently and brutally killed off while shes having a shower in the motel bathroom, in an unexpected twist that shocked the audience. The scene is only 4 minutes long, with over 70 differe nt shots and many camera angles and it took 6 days to fully film it. Hitchcock paid enormous amounts of attention to details, and used cinematic techniques extensively such as camera angles, music and sound effects to create a truly horrific murder scene.As Marion is showering, one of the most noticeable features of the scene is the extreme crispness and loudness of the sounds that she makes, accentuating the lack of other noise around her. Furthermore, as she is showering, it looks like she is really enjoying herself, as though the shower , probably because she has decided to go back to Phoenix and the water is having a cleansing effect on her, cleaning all of her guilt. Next, the camera shows Marion from behind to show the shower curtain. The bathroom door is opened, and the audience can just about see a sinister, shadowy silhouette through the translucent shower curtain as he/she steps forwards towards the shower, although Marion is oblivious to her surroundings. By now, the audi ence would be screaming at the screen, telling Marion to look behind her, but the silhouette pulls across the curtain (the sound of this is amplified greatly to emphasize its abruptness) to reveal itself -an unidentifiable, shadowy figure brandishing a large and menacing knife, one of the most iconic images of the horror genre, and stabs Marion repeatedly as she struggles.The sequence of shots that follows are shot from many different angles and altogether there were more than 70 shots, and the shower scene is sometimes hailed and the well-edited scene in history. As the figure stabs Marion, the camera quickly switches from Marions horrified, screaming face to the shadowy figure and back again, shooting the two from many different angles. This emphasizes the extreme franticness and rapidness of the murder. Furthermore, it gives the impression that Marion is completely surrounded and cant escape. Also, the camera shows the murderers arm move in a stabbing motion many times, so that e ven though the audience never really see the knife stabbing her skin, they use their imagination to fill up the blanks. About forty-seconds of brutal violence later, the mysterious figure swiftly leaves the bathroom and the camera cleverly only shows the back of it to conceal his/her identity.Meanwhile, Marion is left in the bath, bleeding to death, and the camera shows her hand slowly sliding off the tiled wall, signifying her diminishing life. Also, as her body falls to the floor of the bathtub, there is a shot of Marions face, which is cunningly framed so she is not in the centre of the shot, but more to the right of it. This camera shot shows how Marion is not the main protagonist and heroine of the movie anymore. She falls forward with her hand on the shower curtain , breaking it and laying on the floor dead while the camera pans to the bathtub the where the water is washing away Marion s blood down the plughole.Music and sound effects are perhaps the most effective techniques used here. When the silhouette appears, one of the most iconic movie soundtracks in film history plays; a tumultuous and ear-piercing cacophony of short, high screeching notes played by violins cellos and other string instruments that greatly emphasize the franticness of the scene. It was music that made the audiences skin crawl and their hairs to stand on end. Alfred Hitchcock actually didnt want any music in the shower scene, but after he heard the score composed by Bernard Hermann, it influenced the scene a lot, greatly adding to the horror and tension. It gradually became higher and louder as the murder goes on, accentuating the heightening horror of the scene, but then goes very melancholy and slow as Marion is left to die in the bathroom, signifying the last few moments of her life. It stops altogether after she falls over and breaks the shower curtain, and the only sound left in the scene is the splash of water from the shower falling on the bathtub. Sound effects also added to the horror. For example, the sickening sound of the knife slashing through Marions skin is very audible; giving the audience impressions that the cuts are very deep (the sound was actually made by stabbing melons with a knife)By exposing the audience to forty-five seconds of nonstop violence without actually showing any gore or blood, Hitchcock leaves it up to our imagination. Imagination has no limits which is why the scene is timeless and just as shocking half a century later. The shock is not only the sudden bombardment of cuts but the fact that he killed off his leading lady. We looked through her eyes, listened to her thoughts and witnessed her actions only to see her naked body slashed to an ugly death. With more than an hour to go, anything is possible. Even though the film had a low budget, and the props used in the shower scene were quite crude and unsophisticated (although it was 1960, and special effects werent really used in films back then) Hitchcock uses his technic al mastery of cinematic techniques to make the shower scene and the whole movie one of the most famous in film history.